Venus & Jupiter Conjunction Coronae - OPOD

Last updated on September 16, 2023

Venus & Jupiter Conjunction Coronae - A Captivating Atmospheric Phenomenon

On the morning of October 24th, 2015, Austrian photographer Franz Kerschbaum had the fortunate opportunity to capture a stunning celestial event - the conjunction of Venus, Jupiter, and Mars. What made this moment even more enchanting was the presence of a wispy cloud that created coronae around these celestial bodies. Even the fainter Mars displayed a hint of this captivating optical phenomenon.

Coronae are formed when light interacts with small droplets found in clouds, mist, or fog. These droplets are typically between 5 and 100 microns in size, which is small enough to significantly diffract light. As a result, we witness the formation of colored rings around light sources.

While coronae are commonly observed when thin clouds move across the moon, they can also be seen (with caution!) around the sun if it is partially shielded by a building or reflected in water. In fact, any light source has the potential to produce coronae, and long exposures can reveal their presence.

Let's delve deeper into the fascinating world of coronae and explore some intriguing aspects of this optical phenomenon:

1. The Science Behind Coronae Formation

Coronae are created through a process called diffraction, where light waves bend or spread out as they encounter obstacles or pass through small openings. In the case of coronae, the droplets in the atmosphere act as obstacles, causing the light to diffract and create the characteristic rings of colors.

2. The Role of Droplet Size in Coronal Appearance

The size of the droplets plays a crucial role in determining the appearance of coronae. Smaller droplets tend to produce more defined and vibrant rings, while larger droplets may result in fainter or less distinct coronae. This is because the diffraction effect is more pronounced with smaller droplets.

3. The Influence of Light Source Intensity

The intensity of the light source also affects the visibility of coronae. Brighter light sources, such as the sun or a full moon, can produce more prominent coronae compared to dimmer sources. The contrast between the bright light and the surrounding darkness enhances the visibility of the rings.

4. Variations in Coronae Colors

Coronae are not limited to a single color. The rings can exhibit a range of hues, including red, blue, green, and even purple. These colors arise from the interference and diffraction of light waves of different wavelengths as they pass through the droplets.

5. Capturing Coronae on Camera

Photographers like Franz Kerschbaum have mastered the art of capturing coronae on camera. Long exposures are often employed to enhance the visibility of these delicate rings. By adjusting exposure settings and utilizing the right equipment, photographers can immortalize the beauty of coronae in their images.

6. Real-Life Applications of Coronal Phenomena

Coronae are not just a captivating sight in the sky; they also have practical applications. Scientists and meteorologists study coronae to gain insights into atmospheric conditions, such as the size and distribution of droplets in clouds. This information aids in weather forecasting, climate research, and even pollution monitoring.

7. Coronal Phenomena Beyond Earth

While we often associate coronae with atmospheric optics on Earth, similar phenomena can be observed in other celestial bodies. For instance, coronae have been observed on planets like Venus and Mars, as well as on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Exploring these celestial coronae can provide valuable insights into the composition and structure of these distant worlds.

8. The Role of Serendipity in Capturing Coronae

The occurrence of coronae is largely dependent on chance and atmospheric conditions. Serendipitous moments, like the one Franz Kerschbaum experienced, allow us to witness and appreciate the transient beauty of these optical phenomena. It reminds us of the vastness and unpredictability of the natural world.

9. The Ongoing Study of Coronae

Scientists continue to investigate coronae and their underlying mechanisms to deepen our understanding of atmospheric optics. By conducting experiments, analyzing data, and developing mathematical models, researchers strive to unravel the complexities of coronae formation and their interactions with light.

10. Embracing the Wonder of Atmospheric Optics

The conjunction of Venus, Jupiter, and Mars, adorned with coronae, serves as a reminder of the awe-inspiring beauty that surrounds us. Atmospheric optics offers a captivating window into the hidden intricacies of light and its interaction with our atmosphere. By embracing these wonders, we can cultivate a deeper appreciation for the remarkable phenomena that grace our skies.

In conclusion, coronae are a mesmerizing manifestation of diffraction and the interaction between light and small droplets in the atmosphere. From their formation to their diverse colors and real-world applications, coronae continue to captivate scientists, photographers, and sky gazers alike. So, next time you find yourself under a wispy cloud or witness a celestial conjunction, keep an eye out for these enchanting rings of light that add a touch of magic to our everyday world.

Venus, Jupiter Coronae

Franz Kerschbaum in Austria captured the conjunction of Venus, Jupiter and Mars on the morning of 24th October '15. A fortuitous wisp of cloud produced coronae around the brighter planets and even dimmer ruddy Mars has a hint of one (see below).

Image ©Franz Kerschbaum, shown with permission

Cloud, mist and fog droplets produce coronae. Their droplets are small enough (5 - 100 micron across) to significantly diffract light.

Their coloured rings are familiar when thin clouds scud over the moon. They can be seen (care!) around the sun if it is shielded by a building or pole or reflected in water.

But all light sources produce them and long exposures will show them.

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