Pyramid Halos

Last updated on September 16, 2023

Pyramid Halos: A Marvel of Atmospheric Optics

Pyramid halos, a fascinating phenomenon in atmospheric optics, have captivated the minds of observers for centuries. These mesmerizing displays occur when the 4500-year-old bulk of the pyramid of Pharaoh Khafra (Chephren) shields the sun, revealing a stunning array of optical phenomena. In addition to the well-known 22-degree halo and sun dogs, pyramid halos also hint at the presence of an upper tangent arc, adding an extra layer of intrigue to these ancient wonders.

Unveiling the Ancient Egyptian Skies

Ancient Egyptians revered the sun god Ra in various forms, including Ra-Herakhty of the rising sun, Ra-Atum of the setting sun, and Aten, the solar disk. However, historical records surprisingly lack any mention of the blindingly bright sundogs or parhelia that surely accompanied Ra on his daily journey across the sky. This omission is particularly intriguing considering the prominence of pyramid halos in the vicinity of these majestic structures.

The Enigmatic Sun Dogs

One of the most striking features of pyramid halos is the presence of sun dogs. These luminous spots appear on either side of the sun, creating a beautiful mirroring effect. Sun dogs, scientifically known as parhelia, are formed when sunlight passes through ice crystals in the atmosphere. These crystals act as tiny prisms, bending and refracting light to create this awe-inspiring optical illusion. Pyramid halos provide a unique backdrop for observing these celestial wonders, enhancing their ethereal beauty.

The Mystique of the 22-Degree Halo

Accompanying the sun dogs in pyramid halos is the well-known 22-degree halo. This circular band of light encircles the sun at a distance of approximately 22 degrees. It is caused by the refraction and reflection of sunlight by ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. The precise geometry of these crystals determines the size and shape of the halo. Pyramid halos offer a captivating canvas for the 22-degree halo to unfold, providing observers with a truly enchanting spectacle.

The Elusive Upper Tangent Arc

While pyramid halos showcase the sun dogs and 22-degree halo in all their glory, they also offer a tantalizing glimpse of an upper tangent arc. This faint arc is visible above the 22-degree halo, forming a partial circle around the sun. Like its counterpart, the upper tangent arc is caused by the refraction of sunlight through ice crystals. However, its presence is often subtle and elusive, requiring optimal atmospheric conditions and a keen eye to spot. Pyramid halos present a unique vantage point for studying this enigmatic feature and unraveling the mysteries of its formation.

Exploring the Optics Behind Pyramid Halos

To fully appreciate the marvel of pyramid halos, it is essential to understand the science behind these captivating optical phenomena. Ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere play a crucial role in creating the various components of a pyramid halo. As sunlight passes through these crystals, it undergoes refraction, bending its path and causing it to separate into different colors. This dispersion gives rise to the vibrant hues observed within pyramid halos, adding an element of visual splendor to their already breathtaking display.

The Influence of Pyramid Geometry

The unique geometry of the pyramid of Pharaoh Khafra contributes to the formation of pyramid halos. The massive structure acts as a shield, blocking direct sunlight and creating an ideal environment for ice crystals to form and align in the atmosphere. The alignment of these crystals is critical for the formation of the distinct features observed within pyramid halos, such as the sun dogs, 22-degree halo, and upper tangent arc. The interplay between the pyramid's geometry and atmospheric conditions creates a perfect stage for these optical marvels to unfold.

Pyramid Halos Around the World

While the pyramid of Pharaoh Khafra is renowned for its association with pyramid halos, similar phenomena can be observed in various locations around the world. Any large structure with a distinct shape and an ability to shield the sun can potentially create similar atmospheric optics displays. From mountain peaks to skyscrapers, these structures offer a unique backdrop for observing and studying the intricate interplay of light and ice crystals in our atmosphere.

Capturing the Magic: Photographing Pyramid Halos

Photographing pyramid halos presents a unique challenge for photographers and enthusiasts alike. The ethereal nature of these optical phenomena requires careful consideration of lighting conditions, camera settings, and composition. To capture the magic of pyramid halos, photographers often utilize long exposures to enhance the vibrancy of colors and capture the intricate details of the halo's structure. Additionally, patience and persistence are key, as favorable atmospheric conditions may be required to witness and document these elusive displays.

A Window into the Past

Pyramid halos not only offer a visual spectacle but also serve as a window into the ancient Egyptian skies. As we gaze upon these captivating displays, we are reminded of the reverence our ancestors held for celestial phenomena. The absence of explicit references to sundogs and parhelia in historical records raises intriguing questions about the perception and interpretation of these optical wonders in ancient times. By studying pyramid halos, we not only unlock the secrets of atmospheric optics but also gain insight into the cultural and spiritual significance attributed to these celestial displays throughout history.

In conclusion, pyramid halos stand as a testament to the enduring fascination with atmospheric optics. These awe-inspiring displays encompass a range of optical phenomena, including sun dogs, the 22-degree halo, and the elusive upper tangent arc. By exploring the science behind pyramid halos and their connection to ancient Egyptian culture, we gain a deeper appreciation for the interplay of light and ice crystals in our atmosphere. Whether capturing them through the lens of a camera or simply marveling at their beauty, pyramid halos remind us of the wonders that await us in the skies above.

Image by Aymen Ibrahem (Night Sky over Egypt) of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt. ©Aymen Ibrahem, shown with permission.

The 4500 year old bulk of the pyramid of Pharaoh Khafra (Chephren) shields the sun to reveal a sun dog, a 22 degree halo and a hinted upper tangent arc.

Ancient Egyptians recognised several manifestations of the sun god Ra, Ra-Herakhty of the rising sun, Ra-Atum of the setting sun and Aten the solar disk. Strangely, there is no acknowledgement of the blindingly bright sundogs or parhelia that must at times have accompanied Ra on his daily journey across the sky.

Sun Dogs

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