Lowitz Arcs - Landshut, Germany

Last updated on September 16, 2023

Lowitz Arcs - Landshut, Germany: A Phenomenon of Atmospheric Optics

Atmospheric optics never ceases to amaze us with its stunning displays of light and color. One such captivating phenomenon is the Lowitz Arcs, which can be observed in the skies above Landshut, Germany. These elusive arcs, named after their discoverer, Hermann Lowitz, add an enchanting touch to the atmospheric canvas. Let's dive deeper into the world of Lowitz Arcs and explore their characteristics and formation.

What are Lowitz Arcs?

Lowitz Arcs are a type of optical phenomenon that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere. They are classified as halos, which are optical phenomena caused by the interaction of sunlight with ice crystals suspended in the air. Unlike the more commonly known 22° halo, Lowitz Arcs are fainter and less frequently observed. Their appearance is characterized by two arcs, an upper and a lower one, which are concentric with the Sun.

The Formation of Lowitz Arcs

The formation of Lowitz Arcs involves a combination of sunlight, ice crystals, and specific atmospheric conditions. When sunlight passes through these ice crystals, it undergoes refraction, resulting in the bending of light rays. This refraction causes the separation of the sunlight into its constituent colors and the creation of the arc-shaped patterns.

To witness the mesmerizing display of Lowitz Arcs, certain conditions must align. The presence of plate-like ice crystals with specific orientations is crucial. These ice crystals need to be positioned in such a way that they refract sunlight at just the right angles to form the distinct arcs.

Characteristics and Appearance

Lowitz Arcs appear as delicate, faint arcs that encircle the Sun. The upper arc is located above the Sun, while the lower arc lies below it. The arcs are often colored in shades of red and can be seen overlapping the suncave Parry arc region, creating a brighter area where they intersect.

The visibility of Lowitz Arcs is dependent on the solar altitude, with higher altitudes increasing the chances of observation. They are more likely to be seen when the Sun is relatively low in the sky, such as during sunrise or sunset. The presence of other atmospheric optical phenomena, such as the Parry arc, can enhance the visibility of Lowitz Arcs.

Capturing Lowitz Arcs in Landshut, Germany

The captivating photographs captured by Bob Fosbury in Landshut, Germany on February 25th, 1996, provide a glimpse into the beauty of Lowitz Arcs. These images showcase the faint upper and lower arcs against the backdrop of the sky. The overlapping of the Lowitz Arcs with the suncave Parry arc region adds depth and complexity to the overall appearance.

The Role of Simulation

HaloSim4, a simulation software, has been utilized to recreate the phenomenon of Lowitz Arcs. By inputting relevant data and parameters, such as solar altitude and ice crystal properties, simulations can provide a visual representation of how Lowitz Arcs would appear under specific conditions. The simulated images demonstrate the characteristic red coloration of Lowitz Arcs and aid in understanding their formation.

Exploring Atmospheric Optics

The study of atmospheric optics allows us to delve into the intricate workings of light and its interaction with our atmosphere. By examining phenomena like Lowitz Arcs, scientists gain valuable insights into the properties of ice crystals and their impact on light refraction. These discoveries contribute to our understanding of atmospheric physics and help us appreciate the natural wonders that unfold above us.

In conclusion, Lowitz Arcs grace the skies above Landshut, Germany with their ethereal presence. These delicate arcs, formed by the interaction of sunlight with ice crystals, add a touch of magic to the atmospheric canvas. Through careful observation and simulation, we continue to unravel the mysteries of atmospheric optics, deepening our appreciation for the wonders of the natural world.

Two photographs taken by Bob Fosbury at Landshut, Germany on 25th February 1996, solar altitude 31.5°. The faint upper and lower Lowitz arcs appear on several of his images. The suncave Parry arc region is characteristically brighter where the Lowitz arc overlaps it. The Lowitz arcs are coloured red in the matching HaloSim4 simulation. Images ©Bob Fosbury, shown with permission.

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