Brocken Spectre & Glory, Hungary - OPOD

Last updated on September 16, 2023

Brocken Spectre & Glory: Captivating Optical Effects in the Skies of Hungary

When it comes to atmospheric optics, there are a multitude of captivating phenomena that can occur. Two such phenomena, the Brocken Spectre and the Glory, have been captured in stunning images from the High Tatras in Slovakia by Attila Kovács. These optical effects are both observed in close proximity to the sun, yet they possess distinct characteristics that set them apart.

The Brocken Spectre, named after the Brocken mountain in Germany where it was first observed, is a spectral shadow cast through mist. It occurs when the observer's shadow is projected onto the mist, creating a larger-than-life silhouette that appears to converge towards the antisolar point, which is directly opposite the sun. This convergence is a result of the angle at which the sunlight is scattered and refracted by the mist droplets, creating an optical illusion that mesmerizes those fortunate enough to witness it.

On the other hand, the Glory is a mesmerizing ring of colors that surrounds the shadow of an observer when viewed from above. Unlike the Brocken Spectre, the Glory is formed by light that is scattered backwards by individual mist droplets. As this light interacts with the droplets, it undergoes diffraction and reflection multiple times, resulting in a series of concentric colored rings. Additionally, some of the light travels along the surface of the droplets as "surface waves," further enhancing the ethereal beauty of this optical phenomenon.

To fully appreciate these optical effects, it is important to understand the scientific principles behind them. The Brocken Spectre occurs due to a combination of three factors: the presence of mist or fog, the position of the observer relative to the sun and mist, and the scattering and refraction of sunlight by the mist droplets. When these conditions align, the observer's shadow is cast onto the mist, creating a breathtaking visual spectacle.

Similarly, the Glory is formed through a complex interplay of light and mist droplets. As sunlight passes through the droplets, it is scattered in various directions. Some of this scattered light is then refracted and diffracted multiple times within the droplets, leading to the formation of the concentric colored rings that characterize the Glory. The exact colors observed in a Glory can vary depending on factors such as the size of the droplets and the angle at which they are illuminated by the sun.

While the Brocken Spectre and the Glory may appear similar at first glance, they can be distinguished by their distinct characteristics. The Brocken Spectre is characterized by the elongated shadow of the observer cast through mist, while the Glory is defined by its colorful ring surrounding the observer's shadow. Additionally, the Brocken Spectre appears to converge towards the antisolar point, while the Glory forms a circular pattern around the observer.

These atmospheric phenomena are not exclusive to Hungary or Slovakia, but can be observed in various locations around the world under the right conditions. They serve as a reminder of the beauty and complexity of nature, captivating both scientists and enthusiasts alike. So, next time you find yourself surrounded by mist or fog on a sunny day, take a moment to look up at the sky and see if you can catch a glimpse of these enchanting optical wonders.

Brocken Spectre & Glory

Images from the High Tatras, Slovakia by Attila Kovács.

©Attila Kov�cs, shown with permission

Two separate optical effects but both directly opposite the sun.

The spectral shadow is just that, the long shadow of the observer cast through the mist. It is viewed from its inside and appears to converge towards the antisolar point as do all shadows.

The colour ringed glory is light scattered backwards by individual mist droplets. The light is diffracted and reflected 1, 5, 6,and 10 times inside the droplets and also travels along their surface as ‘surface waves’.

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