Atmospheric Halos

Last updated on September 16, 2023

Atmospheric Halos: A Closer Look at the Strange Optical Effects

When we gaze up at the sky, we often witness mesmerizing optical phenomena caused by the interaction of light with tiny water droplets found in clouds, mists, and fogs. These captivating effects are known as atmospheric halos. While they predominantly manifest as colorful rings, they also exhibit a variety of other intriguing characteristics. In this article, we will delve deeper into the world of atmospheric halos, exploring their formation, unique properties, and different types.

In the realm of atmospheric optics, the concept of "rays" becomes somewhat ambiguous due to the minuscule size of the water droplets involved. At this scale, the behavior of light is governed by wave diffraction and interference, which take precedence over the traditional notion of light traveling along straight lines. As a result, the optical effects produced by these droplets are far from ordinary.

Formation of Atmospheric Halos

Atmospheric halos originate from the interaction between sunlight and the tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere. When sunlight passes through these droplets, it undergoes various optical phenomena that give rise to the halo formations we observe. The intricate interplay between refraction, reflection, diffraction, and interference creates an awe-inspiring display of light.

Properties of Atmospheric Halos

Atmospheric halos are characterized by their distinct ring-like shapes and vibrant colors. These rings often encircle the Sun or Moon, with the inner region appearing brighter than the outer edges. The colors observed within the rings can range from reds and oranges to blues and greens. These hues arise from the scattering and diffraction of light as it interacts with the water droplets.

Different Types of Atmospheric Halos

The world of atmospheric halos encompasses a diverse range of phenomena, each with its own unique characteristics. Let's explore some of the most notable types:

1. Corona: A corona is a circular halo that forms around the Sun or Moon. It consists of a series of colored rings, with the innermost ring appearing bluish-white.

2. Iridescence: Iridescence refers to the shimmering and changing colors observed in clouds. It occurs when sunlight interacts with tiny water droplets or ice crystals within the clouds, resulting in a display of vibrant hues.

3. Fogbow: Similar to a rainbow, a fogbow is a halo that forms in foggy conditions. However, unlike a traditional rainbow, its colors are faint and often appear as white or pale pastel shades.

4. Glory: A glory is a set of concentric rings that appear opposite the Sun's position when viewed from an aircraft or mountain peak. It exhibits vivid colors and can be seen surrounding the shadow of the observer.

5. Brocken Spectre: This phenomenon occurs when an observer's shadow is cast onto a cloud or fog bank below them. The shadow is surrounded by a halo-like ring, creating a captivating spectacle.

6. Heiligenschein: Heiligenschein refers to the brightening of the area around the shadow of an observer's head when illuminated by sunlight. It appears as a faint halo and is often observed in dew-covered grass or fields.

Captivating Examples and Further Exploration

To truly appreciate the enchanting beauty of atmospheric halos, it is worth exploring high-resolution images and detailed descriptions of these phenomena. By examining larger versions of corona, iridescence, fogbow, glory, Brocken Spectre, and heiligenschein images, one can gain a deeper understanding of their intricate details and unique characteristics.

In conclusion, atmospheric halos offer us a glimpse into the mesmerizing interplay between light and water droplets in our atmosphere. Through refraction, reflection, diffraction, and interference, these tiny droplets create a myriad of optical effects that captivate and inspire. Whether it be the colorful rings of a corona or the ethereal glow of a glory, each atmospheric halo presents a fascinating opportunity to marvel at the wonders of our natural world.

The tiny water droplets of clouds mists and fogs produce strange optical effects, they are mostly ringed and mostly brightly coloured.

"Rays" have little meaning in this domain where water droplets are so small that wave diffraction and interference dominate over classical journeys of light along straight lines.

Larger versions of images at; corona, iridescence, fogbow, glory, Brocken Spectre, heiligenschein.

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Reference Atmospheric Optics

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