Lowitz Arc - Trier, Germany

Last updated on September 16, 2023

Lowitz Arc - Trier, Germany: A Stunning Atmospheric Phenomenon

Have you ever witnessed a mesmerizing atmospheric display that left you in awe? One such spectacle is the Lowitz Arc, which can be observed in various locations around the world, including Trier, Germany. This phenomenon, named after German physicist Johann Tobias Lowitz, occurs when light interacts with ice crystals in the atmosphere, creating a beautiful optical effect. Let's delve deeper into the intricacies of the Lowitz Arc and explore its captivating features.

Unveiling the Lowitz Arc in Trier

Trier, Germany, has been fortunate to witness the enchanting Lowitz Arc, as captured by Eva Seidenfaden on September 30th, 2003. The photograph showcases the Lowitz Arc at a solar elevation of 37°, providing a stunning visual representation of this atmospheric phenomenon. The arc is visible at approximately 10 o'clock, overlapping with the brighter region of the 22° halo. Conversely, the 22° halo region closest to the parhelion appears dimmer. These characteristics are indicative of the presence of a Lowitz Arc.

Enhancing the Visibility of Lowitz Arcs

To enhance the visibility of faint halos like the Lowitz Arc, certain adjustments can be made to the original image. Increasing contrast and gently applying an unsharp mask are two common techniques used to amplify these optical phenomena. However, it is essential to exercise caution and avoid overdoing these adjustments, as they can introduce artifacts into the image.

Exploring Embossing Techniques

Another method employed to uncover subtle details in images is embossing. By applying an emboss operation to an adjusted image, it becomes possible to rotate the direction of "light" shining on the embossed image. This technique can help highlight suspected halos, such as an upper Lowitz arc extending down to near the parhelion. However, the presence of irregular clouds near the Parry arc region may hinder the effectiveness of embossing in certain cases.

Overlaid HaloSim4 Simulation

To gain a deeper understanding of the Lowitz Arc and its interactions with other optical phenomena, a HaloSim4 simulation can be superimposed on the original image. By using plate crystals with classical Lowitz orientations, the simulation reveals the formation of various arcs. Ordinary plates, singly oriented columns, Parry oriented columns, and randomly oriented crystals generate these additional arcs. This technique helps researchers analyze the intricate patterns and relationships between different atmospheric optics.

Distinguishing Lowitz Arcs from Clouds

In the pursuit of capturing and studying atmospheric optics, it is crucial to differentiate genuine Lowitz Arcs from cloud formations that may resemble them. Wisps of cloud can often masquerade as arcs, making it necessary to take multiple images over several minutes to account for changing cloud formations. Additionally, stacking several images can reduce the impact of clouds, providing a clearer view of the true optical phenomena at play.

Embracing the Beauty of Atmospheric Optics

The Lowitz Arc is just one example of the captivating wonders that can be observed in our atmosphere. By studying and appreciating these natural phenomena, we gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between light and atmospheric particles. The ethereal beauty of the Lowitz Arc serves as a reminder of the countless mysteries that surround us, waiting to be discovered and admired.

In conclusion, Trier, Germany, has been fortunate to witness the breathtaking Lowitz Arc. Through the lenses of photographers like Eva Seidenfaden, we can catch a glimpse of this awe-inspiring atmospheric phenomenon. By employing techniques such as image enhancement, embossing, and overlaying simulations, researchers can unravel the intricacies of the Lowitz Arc and its relationship with other optical phenomena. Let us continue to explore and appreciate the enigmatic beauty of atmospheric optics, forever fascinated by the wonders of our natural world.

Lowitz arc at Trier, Germany photographed by Eva Seidenfaden (Atmospheric optics site) on 30th September 2003 - solar elevation 37°. ©Eva Seidenfaden, shown with permission.

Mouse over the small index images for enhanced views and an overlaid HaloSim4 simulation.

The 22° halo region at 10 o'clock is brighter where the upper Lowitz arc overlaps it. Conversely the 22° halo region nearest the parhelion is dim. Both are indicative of a Lowitz arc. There is also a possible brightening of the Parry arc region where an upper arc would be tangent to it.

Image 1 is unenhanced. In general, 'enhancing' can increases the ease of visibility of faint halos but rarely shows features not already visible on the original image. Always copy and safely archive originals for they are the most valuable.

Image 2 has had levels adjusted to increase contrast. It was then gently unsharp masked.

Image 3 is the result of an 'Emboss' operation applied to Image 2. The direction of the 'light' shining on the embossed image can be rotated to highlight particular suspected halos. Here the operation shows a possible upper Lowitz arc extending down to near the parhelion. The region near to the Parry arc has too many irregular clouds for the function to be useful. Embossing, like unsharp masking, should not be overdone and needs caution because both can produce artifacts.

Image 4 is Image 2 overlaid with a HaloSim4 simulation using plate crystals with classical Lowitz orientations. Ordinary plates, singly oriented columns, Parry oriented columns and randomly oriented crystals generated the other arcs.

Wisps of cloud often masquerade as arcs (especially it seems Lowitz arcs!) and several images of a display should be taken over some minutes to allow clouds to change. Eva Seidenfaden's images are here. A powerful technique is to reduce cloud effects by stacking several images.

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